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Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Lupus Erythematosus; Kaposi-Libman-Sack Syndrome)
General: Possible etiology includes viral infections and genetic predisposition; immunologic abnormalities.
Ocular: Keratitis; keratoconjunctivitis sicca; corneal ulcer; optic nerve atrophy; optic neuritis; papilledema; arteritis; central retinal vein occlusion; retinal detachment; microaneurysm; scleritis; uveitis; ptosis; conjunctivitis; paralysis of third nerve; homonymous hemianopsia; multifocal microinfarcts; mydriasis; nystagmus; proptosis; orbital myositis; pseudoretinitis pigmentosa; photophobia.
Clinical: Polyarthritis; morning stiffuess; fever; malaise; fatigue; polyserositis; renal disease; central nervous system disease; anemia; leukopenia; maculopapular rash in a 'butterfly' distribution over malar region; alopecia.
Fraunfelder FT, Roy FH. Current Ocular Therapy. 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000.
Gold DH, et al. Ocular findings in systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Ophthalmol 1972; 56:800-804.
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