Vitamin A Deficiency 1
General: Worldwide cause of blindness; onset in childhood; dietary vitamin A insufficiency; interference of absorption from the intestinal tract and transport or storage in the liver, as with diarrhea or vomiting; most frequent in young children.
Ocular: Bitot spots; conjunctival xerosis; corneal xerosis; keratomalacia with perforation; photophobia; enlarged tarsal glands; corneal ulcer; nyctalopia; hemeralopia; obstruction of the tear ducts.
Clinical: Diarrhea; malabsorption syndrome; follicular hyperkeratosis; lesions on buttocks, legs, and arms; xerosis of skin; tracheitis; bronchitis; pneumonia; chronic obstruction of pancreatic or biliary ducts; increased infant mortality.
Duke-Elder S, MacFaul PA, eds. System of Ophthalmology, vol. XIII. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1974.
Stanton BF, et al. Risk factors for developing mild nutritional blindness in urban Bangladesh. Am J Dis Child 1986; 140:584-588.
World Health Organization. Global situation-vitamin A deficiency. In: Expanded program on immunization update. Geneva: WHO, 1988.
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