Shaken baby syndrome (battered-baby syndrome; battered-child syndrome; child abuse syndrome; silverman syndrome) 1

General: Associated with parental abuse or accidents.

Ocular: Exophthalmos with orbital hemorrhages; lid hematoma; lid edema; secondary glaucoma; hyphema; vitreous hemorrhages; retinal exudates and hemorrhages (Berlin edema); choroidal atrophy; retinal detachment; papilledema; optic nerve sheath hemorrhage; preretinal, intraretinal, and subretinal hemorrhages; optic disk edema; choroidal hemorrhage.

Clinical: Soft tissue bruises; multiple fractures of long bones, ribs, and skull; pharyngeal bruising, subdural hematoma; seizures; failure to thrive; vomiting associated with lethargy or drowsiness; respiratory irregularities; coma or death; intracranial hemorrhage.

Budenz DL. Ocular and optic nerve hemorrhages in abused infants with intracranial injuries. Ophthalmology 1994; 101:559-565.

Coody D, et al. Shaken baby syndrome: identification and prevention for nurse practitioners. J Pediatr Health Care 1994; 8:50-56.

Lambert SR, et al. Optic nerve sheath and retinal hemorrhages associated with the shaken baby syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 1986; 104:1509-l512.

Munger CE, et al. Ocular and associated neuropathologic observations in suspected whiplash shaken infant syndrome. A retrospective study of 12 cases. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1993; 14:193-200.