Cushing (3) syndrome (chiasmal syndrome) 337

General: Suprasellar meningioma, aneurysm in the anterior part of the circle of Willis, and craniopharyngioma are the three most common lesions; usually occurs in adult patients.

Ocular: Bitemporal hemianopsia (progressive); in early stages, optic disk may appear normal or only slightly pale; later, sharp, border-lined white optic disk.

Clinical: Craniopharyngiomas; pituitary adenoma; aneurysm; chiasmal glioma; nasopharyngeal carcinoma; germinoma; glioma; choristoma; chordoma; hemangioma; leukemia; lymphoma; metastatic tumor; arteriovenous malformation; sarcoidosis; pituitary abscess; sphenoid sinus mucocele; arachnoid cyst.

Cushing H, Eisenhardt L. Meningiomas arising from tuberculum sellae, with syndrome of primary optic atrophy and bitemporal field defects combined with a normal sella turcica in middle-aged person. Arch Ophthalmol 1929;1:168.

Gittinger JW Jr. Chiasmal disorders. In: Albert DM, Jakobiec FA, eds. Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. vol. IV. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1994:2615.

Tang RA, et al. Chiasmal syndrome in sarcoidosis. Arch Ophthalmol 1983; 101:1069-l073.

Waller RR, et al. A rare cause of the chiasmal syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 1972; 88:269.

Miller NR, ed. Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology. vol. I, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1982.