Arterial occlusive retinopathy and encephalopathy syndrome

General: Rare; etiology unknown but may be virally induc 747g61h ed, immune-mediated disease; most frequent in women; mechanism could be related to microangiopathy secondary to immunologically mediated vasculitis, although an abnormal coagulation system or microembolisms have been proposed to explain this condition.

Ocular: Multiple branch retinal arterial occlusions; rotary nystagmus; retinal hemorrhage; visual field defects; bilateral gaze palsy.

Clinical: Encephalopathy; behavior and memory disturbances; hearing loss; paranoid psychosis; neurologic dysfunction; seizures; headache; spasticity and hyperreflexia.

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Cappeto JR, et al. A syndrome of arterial occlusive retinopathy and encephalopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 189-

Gordon DL. Microangiopathy of the brain, retina and ear: improvement without immunosuppressive therapy. Stroke 1991; 22:933-937.

Nicolle MW, McLachlan RS. Microangiopathy with retinopathy, encephalopathy, and deafness (RED-M) and systemic features. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1991; 21:123-l28.