Touraine-solente-gole syndrome (pachydermoperiostosis; acropachyderma; audry ii syndrome; brugsch syndrome; friedrich-erb-arnold syndrome; hehlinger syndrome)

General: Rare; hereditary; predominant in males; onset in puberty to third decade.

Ocular: Elephantiasis of the lids caused by meibomian gland cysts and connective tissue hypertrophy; ptosis.

Clinical: Thick and furrowed skin of forehead, face, scalp, hands, and feet; hyperhidrosis of hands and feet; increased subcutaneous secretion; enormous hands and feet; watch crystal-like nails; cylindrical arms and legs; effusions of ankles, knees, and other joints; finger clubbing; facial enlargement; periostitis; cutaneous mucinosis.

Kirkpatrick JN, et al. Ptosis caused by pachydermoperiostosis. Br J Ophthalmol 1991; 75:442-446.

Magalini SI, Scrascia E. Dictionary of Medical Syndromes, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1981.

Martinez M. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. In: Scumacher HR, ed. Primer on the rheumatic diseases, 10th ed. Arthritis Foundation, 1993:262-263.

Pau H. Differential diagnosis of eye diseases. New York: Thieme, 1987.

Touraine A, et al. Un Syndrome Osteodermopathique: La Pachyderme Plicaturee avec Pachyperiostose des Extremites. Presse Med 1935; 42:1820-l824.