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Pancoast syndrome (hare syndrome; superior pulmonary sulcus syndrome)


Pancoast Syndrome (Hare Syndrome; Superior Pulmonary Sulcus Syndrome)

General: Mass occupying lesion in pulmonary apex; erosion of first three ribs frequent; primary bronchogenic carcinoma most frequent cause; symptomat 828b19i ology similar to lower radicular (Dejerine-Klumpke) syndrome and scalenus anticus (Naffziger) syndrome; Horner syndrome caused by involvement of sympathetic chain (see Dejerine-Klumpke Syndrome; Horner Syndrome; Naffziger Syndrome); also can be caused by locally invasive fungus such as Cryptococcus neoformans or lymphomatoid granulomatosis.

Ocular: Mild enophthalmos; ptosis; narrowing of the palpebral fissure; miosis.

Clinical: Pulmonary apical tumor; severe shoulder pain; paresthesias, pain, and paresis of the homolateral arm with atrophy of arm and hand muscles.

Brenner B, et al. Pancoast's syndrome in multiple myeloma. Acta Haematol

Dolan G, et al. Extrapulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting as Pancoast's syndrome. Postgrad Med J 1991; 67:914-915.

Esposito S, et al. Therapeutic approach to the Pancoast pain syndrome. Appl Neurophysiol 1985; 48:262.

Gallagher KJ, et al. Pancoast syndrome: an unusual complication of pulmonary infection by Staphylococcus aureus. Ann Thorac Surg 1992; 53:903-904.

Geeraets WJ Ocular Syndromes. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1976.



Lacquet LK. Present views of the surgical treatment of non-cell lung cancer. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg 1994; 56: 473-493.

Maggi G, et al. Combined radiosurgical treatment of Pancoast tumor. Ann Thorac Surg 1994; 57:198-202.

Mantell BS. Superior sulcus (Pancoast) tumors: results of radiotherapy. Br J Dis Chest 1973; 67:315.

Mitchell DH, Sorrell TC. Pancoast's syndrome due to pulmonary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14:1142-l144.

Okubo K, et al. Treatment of Pancoast tumors. Combined irradiation and radical resection. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995; 43:284-286.

Pancoast H. Importance of careful roentgen-ray investigation of apical chest tumor. J Am Med Assoc 1924; 83: 1407.

Remmen HJ, et al. Surgical treatment of Pancoast tumor. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1993; 34:157-l61.

Shamji FM, et al. Acute Pancoast's syndrome caused by fungal infection. Can J Surg 1988; 31:441-443.

Simpson FG, Morgan M, Cooke NI Pancoast's syndrome associated with invasive aspergillosis. Thorax 1986; 41: 156-l57.

Vandeplas O, et al. Pancoast's syndrome due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the lung apex. Thorax 1991; 46:683-684.

Wang JC, et al. Pancoast syndrome in a patient with malignant lymphoma. Cancer 1989; 64:2588-2590.




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