Malaria

General: Caused by Plasmodium, which is transmitted by mosquito bite, blood transfusion, or contaminated needles and syringes.

Ocular: Proliferative retinitis; vascular embolism; keratitis; ocular herpes simplex; blepharitis; optic atrophy; papilledema; papillitis; optic neuritis; anisocoria; Argyll Robertson pupil; vitreal hemorrhages and opacity; cataract; myopia; strabismus; uveitis; scleral icterus; scotoma; lagophthalmos; ptosis; subconjunctival hemorrhages; paralysis of third, fourth, or sixth nerve; epibulbar hemorrhage involving the conjunctiva, episclera, tendinous insertion of the medial rectus.

Clinical: Fever; anemia; splenomegaly; death.

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Hidayat AA, et al. The diagnostic histopathologic features of ocular malaria. Ophthalmology 1993; 100: 1183-l186.

Lewallen S, et al. Ocular fundus findings in Malawian children with cerebral malaria. Ophthalmology 1993; 100: 857-861.

Runyan TE, Ostberg RC. An unusual macular lesion associated with malaria. Ann Ophthalmol 1977; 9:1521-l525.